Selected Publications | 
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| 2023 | Watkins, B., Schultheiß, J., Rafuna, A., Hintze, S., Meinke, P., Schoser, B. and Kröger, S. (2023) Degeneration of muscle spindles in a murine model of Pompe disease. Scientific Reports 13: 6555; DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33543-y | ||
| Bornstein, B., Watkins, B., Passini, F.S., Blecher, R., Assaraf, E., Sui, X.M., Brumfeld, V., Tsoory, M., Kröger, S. and Zelzer, E. (2023). The mechanosensitive ion channel ASIC2 mediates both proprioceptive sensing and spinal alignment. Experimental Physiology DOI: 10.1113/EP090776 | |||
| 2022 | Watkins, B., Schuster, H.M., Gerwin, L., Schoser, B. and Kröger, S. (2022) The effect of methocarbamol and mexiletine on murine muscle spindle function. Muscle Nerve 66: 96-105. | ||
| Jacquier, A., Risson, V., Simonet, T., Roussange, F., Lacoste, N., Ribault, S., Carras, J., Theuriet, J., Girard, E., Grosjean, I., Le Goff, L., Kröger, S., Meltoranta, J., Bauche, S., Sternberg, D., Fournier, E., Kostera-Pruszczyk, A., O'Connor, E., Eymard, B., Lochmüller, H., Martinat, C. and Schaeffer, L. (2022) Severe congenital myasthenic syndromes caused by agrin mutations affecting secretion by motoneurons. Acta Neuropathologica 144: 707-731. | |||
| 2021 | Doppler, K., Hemprich, A., Haarmann, A., Brecht, I., Franke, M., Kröger, S., Villmann, C. and Sommer, C. (2021) Autoantibodies to cortactin and agrin in sera of patients with myasthenia gravis. Journal of Neuroimmunology 356: 577588. | ||
Kröger S. and Watkins B. (2021) Muscle spindle function in healthy and diseased muscle.Skeletal Muscle 11: 3.  | 
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| Zhang Y., Otto P., Qin L., Eiber N., Hashemolhosseini S., Kröger S. and Brinkmeier H. (2021) Methocarbamol blocks muscular Nav 1.4 channels and decreases isometric force of mouse muscles. Muscle & Nerve 63: 141-150. | |||
| 2020 | 
               Gerwin, L.,
                Rossmanith, S., Haupt, C., Schultheiß, J., Brinkmeier,
                H., Bittner, R.E. and Kröger,
                S. (2020)  Impaired
                muscle spindle
                function in murine models of muscular dystrophy. The
              Journal of Physiology 598:1591-1609.  | 
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| 2019 | Gerwin, L., Haupt, C., Wilkinson, K.A., and Kröger, S. (2019). Acetylcholine receptors in the equatorial region of intrafusal muscle fibres modulate mouse muscle spindle sensitivity. The Journal of Physiology 597: 1993-2006. | ||
| Handara, G., and
                Kröger, S. (2019). Alternative splicing and the
                intracellular domain mediate TM-agrin's ability to
                differentially regulate the density of excitatory and
                inhibitory synapse-like specializations in developing
                CNS neurons. Neuroscience 419:
                60-71. | 
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| Handara, G., Hetsch, F. J. A., Jüttner, R., Schick, A., Haupt, C., Rathjen, F. G., and Kröger, S. (2019) The role of agrin, Lrp4 and MuSK during dendritic arborization and synaptogenesis in cultured embryonic CNS neurons. Developmenal Biology 445: 54-67. | |||
| 2018 | Kröger, S. (2018) Proprioception 2.0: novel functions for muscle spindles. Current Opinion in Neurology 31: 592-598. | ||
| 2017 | Karakatsani, A., Marichal, N., Urban, S., Kalamakis, G., Ghanem, A., Schick, A., Zhang, Y., Conzelmann, K. K., Ruegg, M. A., Berninger, B., Ruiz de Almodovar, C., Gascon, S., and Kröger, S. (2017) Neuronal LRP4 regulates synapse formation in the developing CNS. Development 144: 4604-4615. | ||
| Schmidt, N., Basu, S., Kröger, S., and Brenner, H. R. (2017) A Cell Culture System to Investigate the Presynaptic Control of Subsynaptic Membrane Differentiation at the Neuromuscular Junction. Methods in Molecular Biology 1538, 3-11. | |||
| 2016 | Schneider, S., Gruart, A., Grade, S., Zhang, Y., Kröger, S., Kirchhoff, F., Eichele, G., Delgado Garcia, J. M., and Dimou, L. (2016) Decrease in newly generated oligodendrocytes leads to motor dysfunctions and changed myelin structures that can be rescued by transplanted cells. Glia 64: 2201-2218. | ||
| 2015 | Zhang Y., Lin S., Karakatsani A., Rüegg M., Kröger S. (2015) Differential regulation of AChR clustering in the polar and equatorial region of murine muscle spindles. European Journal of Neuroscience 41: 69-78. | ||
| 2014 | Gasperi C., Melms A., Schoser B., Zhang Y., Meltoranta J., Risson V., Schaeffer L., Schalke B., Kröger S. (2014) Anti-Agrin Autoantibodies in Myasthenia gravis. Neurology 82: 1976-1983. | ||
| Zhang Y., Wesolowska M., Karakatsani A., Wizemann V., Kröger S. (2014) Formation of cholinergic synapse-like specializations at developing murine muscle spindles. Developmental Biology 393: 227-235. | |||
| Steiner E., Enzmann G.U., Lyck R., Lin S., Rüegg M.A., Kröger S., Engelhardt B. (2014) The heparan sulfate proteoglycan agrin contributes to barrier properties of mouse brain endothelial cells by stabilizing adherens junctions. Cell and Tissue Research 358: 465-479. | |||
| 2013 | Choi, H.Y., Liu, Y., Tennert, C., Sugiura, Y., Karakatsani, A., Kröger, S., Johnson, E.B., Hammer, R.E., Lin, W., Herz, J., (2013) APP interacts with LRP4 and agrin to coordinate the development of the neuromuscular junction in mice. Elife 20: 2:e00220. doi: 10.755/eLife.00220. | ||
| 2012 | Pevzner, A., Schoser, B.,Peters, K., Cosma, N.C., Karakatsani, A., Schalke, B., Melms, A., and Kröger, S. (2012). Anti-LRP4 autoantibodies in AChR- and MuSK-antibody-negative myasthenia gravis. Journal of Neurology 259: 427-435. | ||
| Burk, K., Desoeuvre, A., Boutin, C., Smith, M.A., Kröger, S., Bosio, A., Tiveron, M.C., and Cremer, H. (2012). Agrin-signaling is necessary for the integration of newly generated neurons in the adult olfactory bulb. Journal of Neuroscience 32: 3759-3764. | |||
| 2010 | Patzke C., Max K.E.A., Behlke J., Schreiber J., Schmidt H., Dorner A., Kröger S., Henning M., Otto A., Heinemann U., and Rathjen F.G. (2010) The coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor reveals complex homophilic and heterophilic interactions on neural cells. Journal of Neuroscience 30: 2897-2910. | ||
| 
             Porten E., Seliger B., Schneider V.A., Wöll S., Stangel D., Ramseger R., and Kröger S. (2010) The process-inducing activity of transmemgrane agrin requires follistatin-like domains. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 285: 3114-3125.  | 
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| 2009 | Kröger,S. and Pfister,H.
              (2009) Agrin in the nervous system - synaptogenesis and
              beyond. Future Neurology 4:
              67-86  | 
          ||
| Ramseger,R., White,R., and
              Kröger,S. (2009) Transmembrane form agrin-induced process
              formation requires lipid rafts and the activation of Fyn
              and MAPK. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 284:
              7697-7705. | 
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| Jimenez-Mallebrera C., Torelli S., Feng L., Kim J., Godfrey C., Clement E., Mein R., Abbs S., Brown S.C., Campbell K.P., Kröger S., Talim B., Topaloglu H., Quinlivan R., Roper H., Childs A.M., Kinali M., Sewry C.A., and Muntoni F. (2009) A comparative study of alpha-dystroglycan glycosylation in dystroglycanopathies suggests that the hypoglycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan does not consistently correlate with clinical severity. Brain Pathology 19: 596-611. | |||
| 2008 | Yamamoto,T.; Kato,Y.;
              Kawaguchi-Niida,M.; Shibata,N.; Osawa,M.; Saito,K.;
              Kröger,S.; and Kobayashi,M. (2008) Characteristics of
              neurons and glia in the brain of Fukuyama type congenital
              muscular dystrophy. Acta Myologica  27:
              9-13  | 
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| 2007 | Schröder, J.E.; Tegeler, M.; Großhans, U.; Porten, E.; Blank, M.; Lee, J.; Esapa, C.; Blake, D.J., and Kröger, S. (2007) Dystroglycan regulates structure, proliferation and differentiation of neuroepithelial cells in the developing vertebrate CNS. Developmental Biology 307: 62-78 | ||
|  Noell, S., Fallier-Becker,
              P., Becker, C., Kröger, S., Mack, A.F., and Wolburg, H.
              (2007) Effects of agrin on the expression and distribution
              of the water channel protein aquaporin-4 and volume
              regulation in cultured astrocytes. European Journal
                of Neuroscience 26: 2109-2118 | 
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| 2006 | 
             Annies, M., Bittcher, G., Ramseger, R., Löschinger, J., Wöll, S., Porten, E., Abraham, C., Rüegg, M.A., and Kröger, S. (2006) Clustering of transmembrane-agrin induces filopodia-like processes on axons and dendrites. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 31: 515-524.  | 
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| 
             Jastrow.
                H., Koulen, P., Altrock, W.D., and Kröger, S. (2006)
                Identification of a b-dystroglycan
                immunoreactive sub-compartment in photoreceptor
                terminals. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual
                  Science  47: 17-24.   | 
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| 2005 | Saito, F., Blank, M., Schröder, J., M anya, H., Shimizu, T., Campbell, K.P., Endo, T., Mizutani, M., Kröger, S. , and Matsumura, M. (2005) Aberrant glycosylation of a-dystroglycan causes defective binding of laminin in the muscle of chicken muscular dystrophy. FEBS Letters 579: 2359-2363 . | ||
| 
             Schnepp A., Lindgren P., Hülsmann H., Kröger S, Paulsson M., and Hartmann U. (2005) Mouse testican-2: Expression, glycosylation and effects on neurite outgrowth. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280: 11274-11280.  | 
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| 2004 |  Saito, F., Blank, M.,
              Schröder, J., Manya, H., Shimizu, T., Campbell, K.P.,
              Endo, T., Mizutani, M., Kröger, S., and Matsumura, K.
              (2004) Aberrant glycosylation and defective
              laminin-binding of alpha-dystroglycan in chicken muscular
              dystrophy. Neuromuscular Disorders 14:
               603-604.  | 
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| Brown, S.C., Torelli, S., Brockington, M., Yuva, Y., Jimenez, C., Feng, L., Anderson, L., Ugo, I., Kröger, S., Bushby, K., Voit, T., Sewry, C., and Muntoni, F. (2004) Abnormalities in a-Dystroglycan Expression in MDC1C and LGMD2I Muscular Dystrophies. American Journal of Pathology 164: 727-737. | |||
| Warth A., Kröger, S., and Wolburg, H. (2004) Loss of agrin immunoreactivity from brain capillary basal laminae correlates with the redistribution of aquaporin-4 in human glioblastoma multiforme. Acta Neuropathologica 207: 311-318. | |||
| Herzog, C., Has, C., Franzke, C.-W., Echtermeyer, F.G., Kröger, S., Gustafsson, E., Fässler, R., and Bruckner-Tuderman, L. (2004) Dystroglycan in skin and cutaneous cells: b-subunit is shed from the cell surface. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 122: 1372-1380. | |||
| 2003 | Esapa, C.T., Bentham, G.R.B., Schröder, J.E., Kröger, S., and Blake, D.J. (2003) The effects of post-translational processing on dystroglycan synthesis and trafficking. FEBS Letters, 555: 209-216. | ||
| 2002 | Annies, M.,
              and Kröger, S. (2002) Isoform pattern and AChR aggregation
              activity of agrin expressed by embryonic chick retinal
              ganglion neurons. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience
              20: 525-535. | 
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| Esapa, C. T.,
              Benson M. A., Schröder, J. E., Martin-Rendon, E.,
              Brockington, M., Brown, S.C., Muntoni, F., Kröger, S., and
              Blake, D.J. (2002) Functional requirements for
              fukutin-related protein in the Golgi apparatus. Human
                Molecular Genetics 11: 3319-3331. | 
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| Kröger, S., and Schröder,
              J. E. (2002) Agrin in the CNS: New roles for a synapse
              organizer. News in Physiological Science 17:
              207-212. | 
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| Rascher, G., Fischmann,
              A., Kröger, S., Duffner, F., Grote, E. H., and Wolburg, H.
              (2002) Extracellular matrix and the blood-brain barrier in
              glioblastoma multiforme: spatial segregation of tenascin
              and agrin. Acta Neuropathologica, 104:
              85-91. | 
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| 
             Blank, M., Blake, D.J. uand Kröger, S. (2002) Molecular heterogeneity of dystrophin-like complexes in the developing and adult retina. Neuroscience, 111: 259-273.  | 
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| Kröger, S. (2002) Agrin: ein Hauptregulator der Synapsenbildung. BIOforum 12: 49-51 | |||
| 2001 | Kröger, S. (2001)
              Extracellular signals regulating nervous system
              development. In: The Neurosciences at the Turn of the
                Century. Seite 669-672; Ed. N. Elsner und G. W.
              Kreutzberg; Thieme Verlag Stuttgart | 
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| Neumann F.R., Bittcher,
              G., Annies, M. Schumacher, B. Kröger, S., and Ruegg, M.A.
              (2001) An alternative amino-terminus expressed in the
              central nervous system converts agrin to a type II
              transmembrane protein. Molecular and Cellular
                Neuroscience 17: 208-225. | 
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| Yard, B. A.,
              Kahlert, S., Engelleiter, R., Resch, S., Waldherr, R.,
              Groffen, A. J., van den Heuvel, L. P. W. J., van der Born,
              J., Berden, J. H. M., Kröger, S., Hafner, M., and van der
              Woude, F. J. (2001). Decreased glomerular expression of
              agrin in diabetic nephropathy and podocytes, cultured in
              high glucose medium. Experimental Nephrology 9:
              214-222. | 
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| 
             Schröder,
                J.E., Tegeler, M., and Kröger, S. (2001) Die molekulare
                Grundlage von Muskeldystrophien. BioForum 11:
                2-4.  | 
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| 2000 | Blake, D.J., and Kröger,
              S. (2000) The neurobiology of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy:
              learning lessons from muscle? Trends in Neurosciences
              23: 92-99. | 
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| Herrmann, R., Straub V.,
              Blank, M., Kutzick, C., Franke, N., Neuen Jacob, E.,
              Lenard, H.-G., Kröger, S., and Voit, T. (2000)
              Dissociation of the dystroglycan-complex in
              caveolin-3-deficient Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy. Human
                Molecular Genetics 9: 2335-2340. | 
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| 1999 | Hering, H. and Kröger, S.
              (1999) Synapse formation and agrin expression in
              stratospheroid cultures from embryonic chick retina. Developmental
                Biology 214: 412-428. | 
          ||
| Koulen, P., Honig, L.S.,
              Fletcher, E.L. and Kröger, S. (1999) Expression,
              distribution, and ultrastructural localization of the
              synapse-organizing molecule agrin in the mature avian
              retina. European Journal of Neuroscience 11:
              4188-4196. | 
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| Blank, M., Koulen, P.,
              Blake, D., and Kröger, S. (1999) Dystrophin and
              beta-dystroglycan in photoreceptor terminals from normal
              and mdx3Cv mouse retinae. European
                Journal of Neuroscience 11: 2121-2133. | 
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| 1998 | Koulen, P., Blank, M., and Kröger, S. (1998) Differential distribution of b-dystroglycan in rabbit and rat retina. Journal of Neuroscience Research 51: 735-747. | ||
| 1997 | Kröger, S. (1997)
              Differential distribution of agrin isoforms in the
              developing and adult avian retina. Molecular and
                Cellular Neuroscience 10: 149-161. | 
          ||
| Blank, M.,
              Koulen, P., and Kröger, S. (1997) Subcellular
              concentration of b-dystroglycan
              in photoreceptor terminals and Müller glial cells of the
              chick retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology 389:
              668-678. | 
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| Galarraga, E., and Kröger,
              S. (1997) Connections between neuroscientists from Europe
              and Latin America reinforced. Trends in Neurosciences
              20: 549-551. | 
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| Sorokin, L.
              M., Pausch, F., Frieser, M., Kröger, S., Ohage, E., and
              Deutzmann, R. (1997) Developmental regulation of the
              laminin a5 chain suggests a
              role in epithelial and endothelial cell maturation. Developmental
                Biology 189: 285-300. | 
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| Kröger, S. (1997)
              Molecular determinants involved in nervous system
              development. In: From Membrane to Mind. Seite
              430-433; N. Elsner und H. Wässle; Thieme Verlag,
              Stuttgart. | 
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| Reiss, Y., Layer, P. G.,
              and Kröger, S. (1997) Butyrylcholinesterase-positive cells
              of the developing chicken retina that are noncholinergic
              and GABA positive. Developmental Brain Research 100:
              62-72. | 
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| Koulen, P., Brandtstätter,
              J. H., Kröger, S., Enz, R., Bormann, J., and Wässle, H.
              (1997) Immunocytochemical localization of the GABAC
              receptor r-subunits in the
              cat, goldfish and chicken retina. Journal of
                Comparative Neurology 380: 520-532. | 
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| 1996 | Mann, S., and Kröger, S.
              (1996) Agrin is synthesized by retinal cells and
              colocalizes with gephyrin. Molecular and Cellular
                Neuroscience 8: 1-13. | 
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| Hering, H.,
              and Kröger, S. (1996) Formation of synaptic
              specializations in the inner plexiform layer of the
              developing chick retina. Journal of Comparative
                Neurology 375: 393-405. | 
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| Reiss, Y., Kröger, S.,
              Grassi, J., Tsim, K.W.K., Willbold, E., and Layer, P.G.
              (1996) Extracellular and asymmetric forms of
              acetylcholinesterase are expressed on cholinergic and
              non-cholinergic terminal neuropil of the developing chick
              retina. Cell and Tissue Research 286:
              13-22. | 
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| Jones, G., Herczeg, A.,
              Ruegg, M.A., Lichtsteiner, M., Kröger, S., and Brenner,
              H.R. (1996) Substrate-bound agrin induces expression of
              acetylcholine receptor e-subunit
              gene in cultured mammalian muscle cells. Proceedings
                of the National Academy of Science (USA) 93:
              5985-5990. | 
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| Kröger, S., and Mann, S.
              (1996) Biochemical and functional characterization of
              basal lamina-bound agrin in the central nervous system. European
                Journal of Neuroscience 8: 500-509. | 
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| Kirsch, J.,
              and Kröger, S. (1996) Postsynaptic anchoring of receptors:
              A cellular approach to neuronal and muscular sensitivity.
              The Neuroscientist 2: 100-108. | 
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| Kröger, S.,
              Horton, S.E., and Honig, L.S. (1996) The developing avian
              retina expresses agrin isoforms during development. Journal
                of Neurobiology 29: 165-182. | 
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| 1995 | Tsen, G. Halfter, W. Kröger, S., and Cole, G.J. (1995) Agrin is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270: 3392-3399. | ||
| 1992 | McMahan, U.J., Horton,
              S.E., Werle, M.J., Honig, L.S., Kröger, S., Ruegg, M.A.,
              and Escher, G. (1992) Agrin isoforms and their role in
              synaptogenesis. Current Oppinion in Cell Biology 4:
              869-874. | 
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| Ruegg, M.A., Tsim, K.W.K.,
              Horton, S.E., Kröger, S., und McMahan, U.J. (1992) The
              agrin gene codes for a family of basal lamina proteins
              that differ in function and distribution. Neuron 8:
              691-699. | 
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| Tsim, K.W.K.,
              Ruegg, M.A., Escher, G., Kröger, S., and McMahan, U.J.
              (1992). cDNA that encodes active agrin. Neuron 8:
              677-689. | 
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| 1991 | Kröger, S.,
              and Walter, J. (1991). Molecular mechanisms separating two
              axonal pathways during development of the avian optic
              tectum. Neuron 6: 291-303. | 
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| 1990 | Kröger, S., and Schwarz,
              U. (1990). The avian tectobulbar tract: Development,
              explant culture, and effects of antibodies on the pattern
              of neurite outgrowth. Journal of Neuroscience 10:
              3118-3134. | 
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| Kröger, S., and
              Niehörster, L. (1990). Isolation, characterization and
              substrate properties of the external limiting membrane
              from the avian embryonic optic tectum. Journal of
                Neuroscience Research 27: 169-183. | 
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| 1987 | Halfter, W., Reckhaus, W.,
              and Kröger, S. (1987). Nondirected axonal growth on basal
              lamina from avian embryonic retina. Journal of
                Neuroscience 7: 3712-3722. |